{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Dissolve with dask-geopandas\n",
    "\n",
    "Dask-geopandas offers a distributed version of the `dissolve` method based on `dask.dataframe.groupby` method. It shares all benefits and caveats of the vanilla `groupby` with a few minor differences.\n",
    "\n",
    "The geometry column is aggregated using the `unary_union` operation, which tends to be relatively costly. Therefore it is beneficial to try to use all workers in every step of the operation. GroupBy by default returns a result as a single partition, which in reality means that the final aggregation step is done within a single thread. For geometries, that means that the operation needs to _loop_ through groups of geometries coming from other partitions and call `unary_union` on every group one by one.\n",
    "\n",
    "The number of output partitions can be specified using `split_out` keyword passed to aggregation. Therefore, if we set `split_out=16`, it will return 16 partitions (if there are 16 or more unique groups) each of which is processed by a different worker (if there are 16 or more workers). The final aggregation (`unary_union`) is then parallelised.\n",
    "\n",
    "```{note} \n",
    "Using `split_out` > 1 may fail with the newer versions of Dask due to an underlying incompatibility between Dask and GeoPandas.\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "Dask-geopandas `dissolve` uses the same default number of output partitions (1) as dask.dataframe but it is recommended to change it to match at least the number of workers to get all the benefits of parallelised computation."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import geopandas\n",
    "import dask_geopandas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div><strong>Dask-GeoPandas GeoDataFrame Structure:</strong></div>\n",
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>pop_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>continent</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>iso_a3</th>\n",
       "      <th>gdp_md_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>npartitions=4</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>int64</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>float64</td>\n",
       "      <td>geometry</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>135</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>176</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div>Dask Name: from_pandas, 4 tasks</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Dask GeoDataFrame Structure:\n",
       "              pop_est continent    name  iso_a3 gdp_md_est  geometry\n",
       "npartitions=4                                                       \n",
       "0               int64    object  object  object    float64  geometry\n",
       "45                ...       ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "90                ...       ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "135               ...       ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "176               ...       ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "Dask Name: from_pandas, 4 tasks"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = geopandas.read_file(geopandas.datasets.get_path(\"naturalearth_lowres\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "ddf = dask_geopandas.from_geopandas(df, npartitions=4)\n",
    "ddf"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using default settings, you get a single partition:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div><strong>Dask-GeoPandas GeoDataFrame Structure:</strong></div>\n",
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>pop_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>iso_a3</th>\n",
       "      <th>gdp_md_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>npartitions=1</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>int64</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>float64</td>\n",
       "      <td>geometry</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div>Dask Name: set_crs, 10 tasks</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Dask GeoDataFrame Structure:\n",
       "              pop_est    name  iso_a3 gdp_md_est  geometry\n",
       "npartitions=1                                             \n",
       "                int64  object  object    float64  geometry\n",
       "                  ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "Dask Name: set_crs, 10 tasks"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dissolved = ddf.dissolve(\"continent\")\n",
    "dissolved"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can specify the number of partitions and get parallelised implementation in every step.\n",
    "\n",
    "```{note} \n",
    "Using `split_out` > 1 may fail with the newer versions of Dask due to an underlying incompatibility between Dask and GeoPandas.\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div><strong>Dask-GeoPandas GeoDataFrame Structure:</strong></div>\n",
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>pop_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>iso_a3</th>\n",
       "      <th>gdp_md_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>npartitions=4</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>int64</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>float64</td>\n",
       "      <td>geometry</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div>Dask Name: set_crs, 36 tasks</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Dask GeoDataFrame Structure:\n",
       "              pop_est    name  iso_a3 gdp_md_est  geometry\n",
       "npartitions=4                                             \n",
       "                int64  object  object    float64  geometry\n",
       "                  ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "                  ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "                  ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "                  ...     ...     ...        ...       ...\n",
       "Dask Name: set_crs, 36 tasks"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dissolved_4parts = ddf.dissolve(\"continent\", split_out=4)\n",
    "dissolved_4parts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>pop_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>iso_a3</th>\n",
       "      <th>gdp_md_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>continent</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Europe</th>\n",
       "      <td>142257519</td>\n",
       "      <td>Russia</td>\n",
       "      <td>RUS</td>\n",
       "      <td>3745000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-54.26971 2.73239, -54.18173 3...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North America</th>\n",
       "      <td>35623680</td>\n",
       "      <td>Canada</td>\n",
       "      <td>CAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1674000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-156.07347 19.70294, -156.0236...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Antarctica</th>\n",
       "      <td>4050</td>\n",
       "      <td>Antarctica</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATA</td>\n",
       "      <td>810.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-59.86585 -80.54966, -60.15966...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oceania</th>\n",
       "      <td>920938</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiji</td>\n",
       "      <td>FJI</td>\n",
       "      <td>8374.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((146.66333 -43.58085, 146.04838...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Asia</th>\n",
       "      <td>18556698</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kazakhstan</td>\n",
       "      <td>KAZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>460700.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((102.58426 -4.22026, 102.15617 ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Seven seas (open ocean)</th>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fr. S. Antarctic Lands</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATF</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>POLYGON ((68.93500 -48.62500, 69.58000 -48.940...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South America</th>\n",
       "      <td>44293293</td>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARG</td>\n",
       "      <td>879400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.95809 -55.19843, -71.00568...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Africa</th>\n",
       "      <td>53950935</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tanzania</td>\n",
       "      <td>TZA</td>\n",
       "      <td>150600.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((32.58026 -27.47016, 32.46213 -...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                           pop_est                    name iso_a3  gdp_md_est  \\\n",
       "continent                                                                       \n",
       "Europe                   142257519                  Russia    RUS   3745000.0   \n",
       "North America             35623680                  Canada    CAN   1674000.0   \n",
       "Antarctica                    4050              Antarctica    ATA       810.0   \n",
       "Oceania                     920938                    Fiji    FJI      8374.0   \n",
       "Asia                      18556698              Kazakhstan    KAZ    460700.0   \n",
       "Seven seas (open ocean)        140  Fr. S. Antarctic Lands    ATF        16.0   \n",
       "South America             44293293               Argentina    ARG    879400.0   \n",
       "Africa                    53950935                Tanzania    TZA    150600.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                  geometry  \n",
       "continent                                                                   \n",
       "Europe                   MULTIPOLYGON (((-54.26971 2.73239, -54.18173 3...  \n",
       "North America            MULTIPOLYGON (((-156.07347 19.70294, -156.0236...  \n",
       "Antarctica               MULTIPOLYGON (((-59.86585 -80.54966, -60.15966...  \n",
       "Oceania                  MULTIPOLYGON (((146.66333 -43.58085, 146.04838...  \n",
       "Asia                     MULTIPOLYGON (((102.58426 -4.22026, 102.15617 ...  \n",
       "Seven seas (open ocean)  POLYGON ((68.93500 -48.62500, 69.58000 -48.940...  \n",
       "South America            MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.95809 -55.19843, -71.00568...  \n",
       "Africa                   MULTIPOLYGON (((32.58026 -27.47016, 32.46213 -...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dissolved_4parts.compute()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Alternative solution\n",
    "\n",
    "In some specific cases, `groupby` may not be the most performant option. If your GeoDataFrame fits fully in memory on a single computer, it may be faster to sort data based on the `by` column first and then map geopandas dissolve across the partitions. In that case, dask-geopandas calls `unary_union` only once per each geometry (`unary_union` is done twice in case of GroupBy). However, shuffling is an expensive operation. For larger data, this alternative solution is not feasible."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def dissolve_shuffle(ddf, by=None, **kwargs):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Shuffle and map partition\"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    meta = ddf._meta.dissolve(by=by, as_index=False, **kwargs)\n",
    "\n",
    "    shuffled = ddf.shuffle(\n",
    "        by, npartitions=ddf.npartitions, shuffle=\"tasks\", ignore_index=True\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    return shuffled.map_partitions(\n",
    "        geopandas.GeoDataFrame.dissolve, by=by, as_index=False, meta=meta, **kwargs\n",
    "    )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div><strong>Dask-GeoPandas GeoDataFrame Structure:</strong></div>\n",
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>continent</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "      <th>pop_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>iso_a3</th>\n",
       "      <th>gdp_md_est</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>npartitions=4</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>geometry</td>\n",
       "      <td>int64</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>object</td>\n",
       "      <td>float64</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>\n",
       "<div>Dask Name: dissolve, 32 tasks</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Dask GeoDataFrame Structure:\n",
       "              continent  geometry pop_est    name  iso_a3 gdp_md_est\n",
       "npartitions=4                                                       \n",
       "                 object  geometry   int64  object  object    float64\n",
       "                    ...       ...     ...     ...     ...        ...\n",
       "                    ...       ...     ...     ...     ...        ...\n",
       "                    ...       ...     ...     ...     ...        ...\n",
       "                    ...       ...     ...     ...     ...        ...\n",
       "Dask Name: dissolve, 32 tasks"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "shuffled = dissolve_shuffle(ddf, \"continent\")\n",
    "shuffled"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>continent</th>\n",
       "      <th>geometry</th>\n",
       "      <th>pop_est</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>iso_a3</th>\n",
       "      <th>gdp_md_est</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Africa</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-11.43878 6.78592, -11.70819 6...</td>\n",
       "      <td>53950935</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tanzania</td>\n",
       "      <td>TZA</td>\n",
       "      <td>150600.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Asia</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((48.67923 14.00320, 48.23895 13...</td>\n",
       "      <td>18556698</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kazakhstan</td>\n",
       "      <td>KAZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>460700.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Seven seas (open ocean)</td>\n",
       "      <td>POLYGON ((68.93500 -48.62500, 69.58000 -48.940...</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fr. S. Antarctic Lands</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATF</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>South America</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-68.63999 -55.58002, -69.23210...</td>\n",
       "      <td>44293293</td>\n",
       "      <td>Argentina</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARG</td>\n",
       "      <td>879400.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Oceania</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((147.91405 -43.21152, 147.56456...</td>\n",
       "      <td>920938</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiji</td>\n",
       "      <td>FJI</td>\n",
       "      <td>8374.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Antarctica</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-61.13898 -79.98137, -60.61012...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4050</td>\n",
       "      <td>Antarctica</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATA</td>\n",
       "      <td>810.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Europe</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-53.55484 2.33490, -53.77852 2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>142257519</td>\n",
       "      <td>Russia</td>\n",
       "      <td>RUS</td>\n",
       "      <td>3745000.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>North America</td>\n",
       "      <td>MULTIPOLYGON (((-155.22217 19.23972, -155.5421...</td>\n",
       "      <td>35623680</td>\n",
       "      <td>Canada</td>\n",
       "      <td>CAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1674000.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                 continent                                           geometry  \\\n",
       "0                   Africa  MULTIPOLYGON (((-11.43878 6.78592, -11.70819 6...   \n",
       "0                     Asia  MULTIPOLYGON (((48.67923 14.00320, 48.23895 13...   \n",
       "1  Seven seas (open ocean)  POLYGON ((68.93500 -48.62500, 69.58000 -48.940...   \n",
       "2            South America  MULTIPOLYGON (((-68.63999 -55.58002, -69.23210...   \n",
       "0                  Oceania  MULTIPOLYGON (((147.91405 -43.21152, 147.56456...   \n",
       "0               Antarctica  MULTIPOLYGON (((-61.13898 -79.98137, -60.61012...   \n",
       "1                   Europe  MULTIPOLYGON (((-53.55484 2.33490, -53.77852 2...   \n",
       "2            North America  MULTIPOLYGON (((-155.22217 19.23972, -155.5421...   \n",
       "\n",
       "     pop_est                    name iso_a3  gdp_md_est  \n",
       "0   53950935                Tanzania    TZA    150600.0  \n",
       "0   18556698              Kazakhstan    KAZ    460700.0  \n",
       "1        140  Fr. S. Antarctic Lands    ATF        16.0  \n",
       "2   44293293               Argentina    ARG    879400.0  \n",
       "0     920938                    Fiji    FJI      8374.0  \n",
       "0       4050              Antarctica    ATA       810.0  \n",
       "1  142257519                  Russia    RUS   3745000.0  \n",
       "2   35623680                  Canada    CAN   1674000.0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "shuffled.compute()"
   ]
  }
 ],
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